What is the most common device used in material testing such as tensile test and compression test?

In materials testing, tensile and compression tests are commonly used to measure the mechanical properties of materials. These tests are usually performed using specialized equipment to evaluate the strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation, and other properties of a material. The following is a list of the most commonly used equipment in tensile and compression testing:

Tensile Testing:

1. Universal Material Testing Machines: Universal Material Testing Machines are one of the most commonly used equipment for performing tensile tests. These machines are capable of applying controlled tensile forces and measuring the stress-strain curve of the material to determine the elastic and plastic properties of the material. These testing machines are commonly used for testing the tensile properties of materials such as metals, plastics, and rubber.

2. Extensometer: In tensile testing, an extensometer is used to measure the elongation of a test specimen when a tensile force is applied. This helps in determining the ductility and breaking point of the material and records data from the stress-strain curve.

Compression Testing:

1. Compression Testing Machines: Similar to universal materials testing machines, compression testing machines are used to apply controlled compressive forces to evaluate the stress-strain characteristics of materials under compressive loading. These machines are commonly used to evaluate the compressive strength and stability of materials.

2. Strain Gauges: Strain gauges are used to measure the amount of deformation of a sample during a compression test to determine the deformation characteristics and stability of a material.

These machines are usually equipped with advanced data acquisition systems and control software to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the test. By using these specially designed devices, laboratories are able to effectively evaluate the mechanical properties of materials and provide reliable data for engineering design and material selection.